Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 14 2 2020 04 07 140 150 Abolfazl Nasiri Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AND Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Zohreh Rahimi Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AND Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Asad Vaisi-Raygani Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AND Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2019 02 04 2020 01 16 Hemoglobinopathies are the most common single gene disorders (monogenic disorders) in the world population.  Due to specific position of Iran and the presence of multi-ethnic groups in the country, there are many varieties in the molecular genetics and clinical features of hemoglobinopathies in Iran. Hemoglobinopathies include structural variants, thalassemias, and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. In this review, we look at the common structural variants in various parts of the country along with their hematological and clinical characteristics. Also, we discuss about the burden of the thalassemias in the country, different types, complications, molecular defects and therapy. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1075 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1075/824