Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 15 2 2021 04 11 96 102 Mohsen Esfandbod Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Agha barazadeh Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mona Faraz Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba Zarrabi Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Toogeh Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 06 01 2021 01 25 Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are often neutropenic as a result of their disease alone or following their chemotherapy. In this randomized clinical trial the efficacy of Iranian short-acting (PD-Grastim) and long-acting G-CSF (PD-Lasta) were compared in term of time to recovery from neutropenia in de novo AML patients following the consolidation chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Patients (n = 51) received one or two courses of Cytarabine and Daunorubicin as an induction. If complete remission was achieved, the treatment was followed by high-dose Cytarabine as consolidation chemotherapy. Twenty four hours after the consolidation chemotherapy, patient were randomized to receive either daily short-acting G-CSF (PD-Grastim) (300 µg/kg) or single-dose long-acting G-CSF (PD-Lasta) (6 mg). Results: The median time to recovery of neutrophils was 11.00 and 13.00 days for short-acting G-CSF (PD-Grastim) (n=22) and long-acting G-CSF (PD-Lasta) (n=29) groups, respectively (U=186.5, P>0.05 two-tailed). Incidence of adverse effects was similar in both short-acting G-CSF (PD-Grastim) and long-acting G-CSF (PD-Lasta) groups. Conclusion: Overall, data show that Iranian long-acting G-CSF (PD-Lasta) was not significantly different with Iranian short-acting G-CSF (PD-Grastim). https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1353 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1353/873