Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 1 2022 01 02 55 65 Mahshid Mehdizadeh Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahid Bolourian Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maria Tavakoli-Ardakani Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Shayan Zamani Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Tabarraee Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Hajifathali Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 07 21 2021 06 22 Background: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the highest potential treatment for long-term survival as post-remission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was to estimate the overall survival (OS) of patients with AML after allo-SCT and to identify the factors affecting them as a prognostic factor for the survival of patients. Material and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data of patients with AML who underwent allo-SCT at Taleghani bone marrow transplantation and cell therapy center in Tehran, Iran, from May 2009 to September 2016 were used. A total of 101 patients were enrolled and death time was considered a failure event for them. Kaplan-Meier method, log-Rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard model were used to evaluate OS and to identify the risk factors of patient’s survival. The SPSS software version 21 was used for the analysis of data and P<0.05 was considered a significant level. Results: Of 101 patients with AML, 49 (48.5%) were males. The median age at allo-SCT was 32.76 years and 42 patients (41.6%) died. The 5-year OS and disease-free survival (DFS) was 56% (95%CI: 51-61%) and 52% (95%CI: 57-47%), respectively. Multivariate analysis by Cox regression indicated that OS has a significant relationship with WBC count and relapse (P=0.001).    Conclusion: Our results showed that allo–SCT has nearly the same outcome in developing countries and the WBC count and relapse are effective factors on the chance of survival in AML patients after allo-SCT. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1394 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1394/901