Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 17 3 2023 07 20 145 155 Naser Shagerdi Esmaeli Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahin Asadi Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davood Bashash Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sina Salari Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Hamidpour HSC Research Center, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 11 22 2022 09 05 Background: The identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has marked a new era in the molecular understating of the disease. This study investigated the correlation between the changes in the expression of lncRNAs, including HOTAIR, PVT-1, and CRNDE, and the alteration in the expression profile of FLT-3, c-Myc, STAT3, STAT5, and p27 in AML patients. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from forty-one newly diagnosed AML patients and ten healthy individuals to evaluate the expression levels of the study genes using qRT-PCR analysis. The probable correlation between the gene expressions was determined using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The results showed that while there was a significant elevation in the expression of FLT3, c-Myc, STAT3, and HOTAIR, p27 expression remarkably diminished in AML patients compared to the control group. Also, a correlation was found between the expression of FLT-3 and p27 and the expression of HOTAIR and STAT3. It was assumed that FLT-3 had a role in increasing the proliferative and survival capacity of AML cells, at least partly, through c-Myc-mediated suppression of p27. Moreover, lncRNA HOTAIR showed to be involved in leukemia proliferation assumably by enhancing the expression of STAT3. Conclusion: Overall, the results of gene profile analysis suggested that studying the expression of HOTAIR, FLT-3, c-Myc, STAT3, and p27 could be helpful to AML patients, and each of these genes could be a valuable target for pharmaceutic intervention. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1755 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1755/996