Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 135 143 Zahra Mohammadi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Mousavi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Leila Tahmasbi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Narges Obeidi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Seyed Amin Mohammadi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Raziyeh Jalakani Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Gholamreza Khamisipour Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2024 08 20 2026 05 19 Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate protein-coding gene expression, and alterations in their expression are associated with leukemic transformation of hematopoietic cells. This study analyzed bone marrow samples from Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) and Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph−) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients to assess miR-320a and miR-206 expression and their relationship with prognosis. Materials and Methods: miR-206 and miR-320a expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR in 50 bone marrow specimens: 10 from healthy individuals (control group), 20 from Ph+ ALL patients, and 20 from Ph− ALL patients. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 7, one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. Results: The Ph− ALL group exhibited a significant 3.8-fold reduction in miR-206 expression (P = 0.004), while the Ph+ ALL group showed a significant 5.34-fold increase (P = 0.006) compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in miR-320a expression between the Ph+ and Ph− groups relative to controls (P = 0.496 and P = 0.645, respectively). Data analysis revealed no association between age, sex, and miRNA expression. Conclusion: MiR-206 showed differential expression, being significantly upregulated in Ph+ ALL and downregulated in Ph− ALL patients. This miRNA may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing between the two ALL subgroups. However, further studies incorporating clinical outcome data are needed to confirm its prognostic value.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2305 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2305/1129