Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 19 4 2025 10 16 332 337 EN Nasrin Namdari Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Elahe Ataei Medical Student, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Fatemeh Ghanbarian Medical Student, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Sezaneh Haghpanah Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Maral Mokhtari Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2025 06 04 2025 08 30 Background: T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) are aggressive diseases with dismal prognoses. Materials and Methods: All adult patients with T-ALL and T-LBL who were candidates for the Hyper-CVAD chemotherapy protocol were included. We evaluated overall survival and progression-free survival in 46 new cases. The T-ALL and T-LBL’s number of cases were 32 and 14, respectively. Results: Two- and 3-year OS were 41.8% (standard error (SE): 7%) and 27.8% (SE: 7%), respectively. Two- and 3-year PFS were 36.9% (SE: 7%) and 25.3% (SE: 7%), respectively. The only variable that had a significant relationship with the duration of PFS and OS was Allogenic SCT. Patients receiving Allogeneic SCT had longer survival time (2-year overall survival of 80% against 20%) (p˂0.001). Conclusion:  These data support the concept that Hyper-CVAD is not an appropriate and adequate regimen. We need new targeted agents in the T-ALL and T-LBL induction regimen while considering Allogeneic SCT as a Consolidation.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2453 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2453/1100