Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 4 3 2010 09 15 36 39 Gholamreza Toogeh Hematology-Oncology and BMT Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Shirkoohi Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran Manouchehr keyhani Hematology-Oncology and BMT Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Nickbin Department of Infectious Diseases, Pasargad Hospital, Tehran, Iran Safa Najafi Hematology-Oncology and BMT Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Salimi Hematology-Oncology and BMT Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila Farsi Physiology Department, Basic Sciences Ward, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Shirin Ferdowsi Hematology Department, Basic Sciences Ward, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 2015 10 01 We describe a case of leishmaniasis in a 55-year-old male who presented with weakness, fever and anemia. The patient was born and lived all his life in Talaghan, a non-endemic region of kala-azar and there was no history of travel to endemic reigon for leishmania. In primary diagnosis, the patient suspect has been myelofibrosis and then lymphoma and underwent chemotherapy. His general condition worsened and bone marrow biopsy was performed again and leishmania promastigotes seen in the bone marrow. Specific identification of the parasite was done by RAPD-PCR. After two weeks of treatment, he was transferred to ICU due to heart attack and after 4 days he died due to aortic valve ABE. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/254 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/254/247