Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 9 2 2015 06 15 80 87 Maria Tavakoli-Ardakani Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Mehrpooya School of Pharmacy, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. Mahshid Mehdizadeh Taleghani Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Taleghani Hospital and Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran, Iran. Abbas Hajifathali Taleghani Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Abdolahi Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is responsible for the variety of behavioral, neuroendocrine and neuro-chemical alterations in psychiatric condition. In this study we evaluate relation between depression and IL-6 and IL-10 in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Materials and Methods: 66 patients in this cross-sectional study from July 2013 until August 2014 for HSCT interred the study and were assessed for depression using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Serum interleukin (IL)-6, (IL)-10 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed on the same time. Association between these biomarkers with depression was evaluated using SPSS version 20.  Results: A total of 66 patients with the mean age of 41.18+13.92 and 41.95+12.35 years old in non depressed and depressed group respectively were enrolled in this study. Patients with depression showed significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 and the IL-6-to-IL-10 ratio compared to patients without depression (p<0.001).There was no statistically significant association between IL-10 and hs-CRP with depression in this group of the patients.  Conclusions: High IL-6 level has significant association with depression in patients undergoing HSCT. In conclusion, since IL-6 can affect the outcomes after HSCT and depression was associated with increased serum IL-6 level, early identification of depression can be beneficial in these patients. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/390 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/390/427