Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 11 1 2016 12 29 24 29 EN Seyed Asadollah Mousavi Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mina Javadimoghadam Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamran Alimoghaddam Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azadeh Sayarifard Center for Academic and Health Policy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed-Hamidollah Ghaffari Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahram Chahardouli Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Basi Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 01 31 2016 06 08 Background: The study attempts to assess the relationship between chimerism analysis using polymerase chain reaction of short tandem repeat (STR) and the incidence of chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD) as well as survival. Methods: The retrospective cohort included all patients who received allo-HSCT between 2005 to 2013. Data collected by day +100 were reviewed in terms of the incidence of chronic GvHD and survival. Chimerism was evaluated for whole blood, T-cell and PMN cells on days 15, 30 and 60, respectively using polymerase chain reaction of short tandem repeat (STR). Results: Forty (69%) patients developed chronic GvHD, 11 (19%) relapsed and 22 (39.7%) died during the study. There was a significant relationship between chronic GvHD and chimerism analysis including whole blood on day 60 (P=0.001), PMN on day 60 (p= 0.05) and T-cell on days 15 (p=0.028), 30(p=0.01) and 60 (p=0.004). Patients with chronic GvHD showed a long-term survival as compared with those without chronic GvHD (P=0.0013). Conclusion: Conducting continuous analysis of chimerism provides an opportunity to initiate immediate measures to prevent complications. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/558 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/558/531