Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 10 2 2016 04 12 85 91 EN Sarah Mousavi Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mina Dadpoor Pharm D student, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Farzaneh Ashrafi Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AND Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2016 02 07 2016 04 03 Background: Granulocyte Colony Stimulating factors (GCSF) are high cost agents commonly recommended for primary and secondary prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. GCSFs have been shown to be beneficial in some patient subgroups, although they are probably overused in clinical settings. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines summarize current data on the appropriate use of CSFs. The objective of this study was to assess and audit the use of GCSF in a tertiary care center according to recommendation of ASCO guideline. Methods: A Retrospective observational study from November 2014 to June 2015 was performed on all patients prescribed with filgrastim in the large teaching hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Data was collected on demographics, indication, dosing regimen, duration of treatment, the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) and patient outcome. Results: 91 patients were recorded over the period of the study. 63.7% of prescription complied with the ASCO guideline. Febrile neutropenia post chemotherapy/radiotherapy was the most common appropriate indication (29.3%) followed by primary prophylaxis (25.8%). Fourteen (32 %) patients showed ANC recovery in 1-3 days, and 16 (37%) within 4-7 days. Ten patients (23 %) showed no recovery. The overall mortality was 8 (8.8%) patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that at least one-third of prescribed GCSF was not in accordance with ASCO guideline. Considering the high cost of GCSF in our country and limitation of our resources, we proposed cost-effectiveness studies on GCSF treatment and also development of national guideline for optimizing GCSF use. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/561 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/561/492