Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 11 3 2016 10 17 199 208 EN Mohammad Vaezi Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Kasaeian Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,, Iran Maryam Souri Medical Doctor Faeze Soufian Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Skokri Boosjin Medical Doctor Seyed Amin Setarehdan Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamran Alimoghaddam Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 05 27 2016 07 18 Background: This study evaluated CMV serostatus in donors and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its effects on CMV reactivation of patients and all aspects of CMV on HSCT outcomes. Subjects and Methods: Seven hundred and five adult acute leukemia patients (AML=408 and AML=297) who had undergone HSCT were included in this retrospective study. We categorized donor-recipient pairs in three risk groups: positive donors (D+) were studied as high-risk group, including either R+ or R-(n=485), R-D- as low-risk group (n=32) and R+D- as intermediate group (n=15). Results: There was no statistically difference in CMV reactivation among these risk groups (P=0.14).CMV infection rate was lower in R+D+ than R+D-(p=0.050). Multivariate analysis showed that patients developing CMV infection had lower overall survival (p=0.04, HR: 1.43, CI=1.00- 2.05) and higher non- relapse mortality (P=0.01, HR: 1.62, CI=1.11-2.38). Relapse rate did not change in CMV reactivated patients (P=0.94). Conclusion:The results of the study indicated that asCMV reactivation occurred more in R+D- patients compared to R+D+ ones, and was associated with inferior OS and higher NRM it could be suggested that in contrast to general belief, if the recipient is  seropositive ,seropositive donor is preferred to a seronegative one. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/617 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/617/559