Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 12 3 2018 07 04 219 228 EN Hossein Ranjbaran Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saeid Abediankenari Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Alireza Khalilian Department of Biostatistics and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari Zahra Rahmani Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Marzei Momeninezhad Amiri School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Hosseini Khah Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 02 2018 01 18 Background: Diabetes caused by insulin production disturbance is considered as the most common metabolic disorder all over the world. Diabetes may outbreak because of low insulin secretion by Islets of Langerhans β-cells, insulin resistance or both of them. In this way, using stem cells, which have the capability to differentiate into Pancreatic β-cells, is one of novel methods in this field. MSCs are the most important candidates for cellular therapy. Materials and Methods: Insulin level was examined using ELIZA method. In order to examine the morphology of differentiated cells, they were stained by Dithizone. Insulin-producer cells are cells which turn into red as a result of staining. Specific gene involving insulin-producing cells was evaluated by Real Time-PCR method. Results: The ELISA results showed that the treated cells secreted more insulin than the control group. Moreover, we found differentiation of MSCs toward insulin-secreting cells. In order to evaluate insulin production in clusters on day 21 of differentiation, we used dithizone (DTZ) staining. PDX-1 gene was confirmed by RT- PCR analysis. Conclusion: In this study, we differentiated MSCs into insulin-producing cells in vitro. It is concluded that MSCs may be considered as an excellent candidate in β-cell therapy in diabetes patients. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/828 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/828/644