Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 12 3 2018 07 04 174 179 EN Theocharis Koufakis Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism - Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Vasiliki Antonopoulou Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism - Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Maria Grammatiki Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism - Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Spyridon Karras Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism - Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Ramzi Ajjan Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Ringgold Standard Institution, Leeds, UK Pantelis Zebekakis Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism - Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Kalliopi Kotsa Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism - Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece 2017 09 11 2018 03 05 We have described three uncommon cases of patients who presented with clinical thrombotic events (stroke, pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis) during the course of a hypercalcemia-induced hypercoagulable state. After thorough investigation, the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism - due to a parathyroid adenoma - was established in all cases. The association between hypercalcemia and venous or arterial thrombosis has been previously described; however, relevant data are still insufficient. The existing evidence in the field was reviewed and the interesting underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms were also discussed. Further studies are required to shed more light on the unusual, still intriguing relationship between calcium and thrombosis. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/858 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/858/637