Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 127 134 Mobina Nakhaei Shamahmood Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Alireza Zangooie Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Anani Sarab Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Zahra Salehi 1) Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2) Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Mezginejad Department of Hematology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Allied Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2026 03 16 2026 04 26 Background: The Rh blood group system is highly significant in transfusion medicine because of the strong immunogenicity of the D antigen. The RhD-negative phenotype arises through various molecular mechanisms in different populations, most commonly complete deletion of the RHD gene caused by unequal recombination between upstream and downstream Rhesus box sequences. Although this mechanism has been well documented in some populations, limited data are available from Iran, particularly its eastern regions. This study aimed to determine the molecular basis of the RhD-negative phenotype among blood donors in eastern Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 16,190 blood donors referred to blood transfusion centers in South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran, over a one-year period were screened serologically for RhD status. Among them, 2,198 individuals were identified as RhD-negative, and 100 serologically confirmed RhD-negative donors were randomly selected for molecular evaluation. RhD typing was performed using standard serologic methods and verified by indirect antiglobulin testing. Molecular investigations included PCR–sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) targeting RHD exons 5, 7, and 10, real-time PCR for confirmation, and PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to detect the hybrid Rhesus box and determine RHD zygosity. Results: Among 16,190 blood donors screened during the study period, 2,198 (13.57%) were identified as RhD-negative. From this group, 100 samples were randomly selected for molecular analysis. Both PCR-SSP and real-time PCR confirmed the absence of RHD exons 5, 7, and 10 in all samples, indicating complete deletion of the RHD gene. PCR-RFLP analysis further confirmed that all donors were homozygous for the hybrid Rhesus box, with full concordance observed between exon-specific assays and hybrid Rhesus box genotyping. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the RhD-negative phenotype in eastern Iran is primarily due to homozygous RHD gene deletion mediated by the hybrid Rhesus box. Hybrid Rhesus box analysis may therefore serve as a reliable molecular marker for accurate RhD typing, which could improve transfusion safety and perinatal management in this population. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2638 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2638/1128

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 174 188 Fereshteh Ameli Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Abdollahi Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samaneh Salarvand Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Dorsa Ghasemi Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 05 06 2026 04 13 Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse genetic alterations that influence prognosis and treatment outcomes. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes, particularly IDH1 and IDH2, have emerged as important prognostic biomarkers, but the impact of their mutations on survival remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of IDH mutations in AML, focusing on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies published up to February 2025. Studies reporting associations between IDH mutations (IDH1 and IDH2) and survival outcomes in AML were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or derived when necessary. Results: The analysis included 33 studies (n = 17,576). IDH2 mutations were associated with improved overall survival (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.63–0.78) and relapse-free survival (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52–0.82), particularly in patients treated with IDH inhibitors. IDH1 mutations were associated with worse overall survival (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07–1.25) but showed no significant effect on relapse-free survival (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.76–1.41). Subgroup analysis revealed a more favorable prognosis for IDH2 R140 mutations, whereas IDH2 R172 mutations showed heterogeneous outcomes across studies and treatment settings. Conclusion: IDH mutations have a heterogeneous prognostic impact in AML, with IDH2 mutations generally associated with better outcomes than IDH1 mutations. Larger, well-designed studies with comprehensive molecular profiling are needed to further clarify their prognostic implications.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2447 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2447/1133

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 221 225 Maryam Barkhordar Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2026 05 03 2026 05 13 Post-HSCT COVID-19 Vaccination in Resource-Limited Settings: Why Adaptation Should Not Mean Compromise https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2658 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2658/1136

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 226 231 Mónica Fernandes-Pineda Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia Herney García-Perdomo Division of Urology/Urooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia 2024 12 09 2026 05 30 DRESS syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is a severe toxicoderma characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction to medications, accompanied by eosinophilia and systemic manifestations. Apalutamide, a selective androgen receptor inhibitor approved for the treatment of prostate cancer, has been associated with various dermatological complications. This study aims to document the clinical case of a geriatric patient with stage IV prostate cancer who developed toxicoderma after initiating treatment with apalutamide. An 81-year-old patient with a diagnosis of stage IV acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate presented with a 15-day history of generalized papular lesions and general malaise, without improvement despite the use of oral antihistamines. The patient reported having started apalutamide four weeks prior. Physical examination revealed facial edema and erythema, with erythematous and edematous plaques with a desquamative surface covering more than 50% of the body surface. Laboratory results showed eosinophils at 3040 cells/µL and a rise in baseline creatinine from 1.76 mg/dL to 2.4 mg/dL. The RegiSCAR score was 3 points, classifying it as a possible case of DRESS. A skin biopsy revealed a dermoepidermal hypersensitivity reaction with eosinophilic infiltration. The patient improved with oral and topical corticosteroids and the discontinuation of apalutamide. The diagnosis of DRESS was confirmed, and the patient remains under follow-up by the Oncology service. Several medications have been associated with the development of DRESS syndrome. Early recognition allows for the suspension of the causative treatment, thus reducing patient morbidity and mortality. It also facilitates a timely change in oncological therapy in advanced stages, preventing the patient from being left without adequate cancer management. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2357 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2357/1137

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 135 143 Zahra Mohammadi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Mousavi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Leila Tahmasbi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Narges Obeidi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Seyed Amin Mohammadi Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Raziyeh Jalakani Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Gholamreza Khamisipour Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2024 08 20 2026 05 19 Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate protein-coding gene expression, and alterations in their expression are associated with leukemic transformation of hematopoietic cells. This study analyzed bone marrow samples from Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) and Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph−) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients to assess miR-320a and miR-206 expression and their relationship with prognosis. Materials and Methods: miR-206 and miR-320a expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR in 50 bone marrow specimens: 10 from healthy individuals (control group), 20 from Ph+ ALL patients, and 20 from Ph− ALL patients. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 7, one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. Results: The Ph− ALL group exhibited a significant 3.8-fold reduction in miR-206 expression (P = 0.004), while the Ph+ ALL group showed a significant 5.34-fold increase (P = 0.006) compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in miR-320a expression between the Ph+ and Ph− groups relative to controls (P = 0.496 and P = 0.645, respectively). Data analysis revealed no association between age, sex, and miRNA expression. Conclusion: MiR-206 showed differential expression, being significantly upregulated in Ph+ ALL and downregulated in Ph− ALL patients. This miRNA may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing between the two ALL subgroups. However, further studies incorporating clinical outcome data are needed to confirm its prognostic value.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2305 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2305/1129

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 189 194 Fereshteh Ghiasvand Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghasem Janbabaei Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Babak Arjmand Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Mirhosseini Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mobin Mohammadi Iranian Cancer Control Center,Tehran, Iran Alireza Saif Hashemi Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pershang Nazemi Department of Infectious Diseases, Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Neda Alijani 1)Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2) Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2026 05 24 2026 05 31 Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of death in patients with hematological malignancies and those receiving bone marrow transplants. Although standard guidelines exist globally, their direct application in Iran is not always possible due to differences in the types of common fungi and limited diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. To address this challenge, a national committee of experts in the field was formed to carefully review internationally recognized protocols published up to 2024 and solicit opinions from selected experts across the country to develop the first national guideline specifically for prophylaxis. To ensure methodological rigor, the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) framework and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system were utilized. The resulting consensus established a localized risk-stratification model identifying acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and active graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) patients as high-risk, recommending posaconazole as the primary standard. Notably, the guidelin https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1965 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1965/1038

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 18 3 2024 07 18 249 253 Mohammad Jafar Sharifi 1)Division of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2)Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Negar Gheibi Department of Information Technology , Aliasghar Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Fatemeh Panahi Division of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Sedigheh Sharifzadeh 1) Division of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2) Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Nahid Nasiri 1) Division of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2)Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2024 02 05 2024 05 12 Background: Hematological abnormalities in COVID-19 infection included quantitative and qualitative changes and should be further characterized. Evaluation for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is usually prompted by abnormal hematologic findings and the presence of dysplastic morphologies. Viral infections are considered to be the cause of dysplastic morphologies and should be considered by morphologists. There are few reports of dysplastic abnormal morphologies in patients with COVID-19 infection. However, such correlations still have to be clarified. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we examined the granulocyte lineage morphological abnormalities in symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed COVID patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 82 patients with symptomatic COVID-19. Blood smears were prepared according to the standard Wright-Giemsa staining procedure. The morphological examination was carried out by two laboratory experts. Results: Blood smear examination revealed common myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) type abnormalities including but not limited to pseudo-pelger nuclear lobulation (4.8%), hypogranulation (7.3%), Howell-Jolly-like bodies or detached nuclear segments (6.0%) and elongated and thin nuclear filaments (6.0%). One case of abnormal immature granulocyte and ring form nucleus is also evident. Conclusion: Our results accounted for the possibility of active COVID-19 infection in all subjects with granulocyte dysplasia. These results are of practical importance for patients suspected of having myelodysplastic syndromes or disease processes associated with myeloid malignancies.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2169 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2169/1039

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 18 3 2024 07 18 254 261 Thu Nguyen Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Huu Than Huynh Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Hung Tran Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Quang Nguyen Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Phu Huynh Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Nam Hoang Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Tuan Ma Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Duong Do Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Dung Phu Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Man Huynh Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2022 11 17 2023 08 15 Background: Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) is considered one of the classical myeloablative conditioning regimens. However, its toxicity can significantly increase mortality rates. To reduce both acute and long-term complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), newer conditioning regimens are being investigated. The purposes of this study were to assess the efficacy and safety of busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) and busulfan plus fludarabine (Bu/Flu) conditioning regimen for allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of AML, both adults and children, who underwent either Bu/Cy or Bu/Flu conditioning regimen for allo-HSCT and received peripheral blood stem cell transplants from HLA-matched donors. Results: From 2005 – 2019, 49 AML patients receiving Bu/Cy and 21 receiving Bu/Flu were identified, meeting inclusion criteria. The two groups showed no significant differences in age, gender, disease status pre-transplant, the median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Bu/Flu patients had a shorter duration of neutropenia (median 7 days vs 10 days, p = 0.001) and shorter duration of thrombocytopenia (median 10 days vs 15 days, p = 0.016) than Bu/Cy.  No difference was observed in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age, disease status pre-transplant, and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are related to worse DFS and OS. Conclusion: With similar efficacy to Bu/Cy but faster neutrophil and platelet recovery time, Bu/Flu is suitable as a pre-HSCT conditioning regimen for patients with AML. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1937 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1937/1040

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 18 3 2024 07 18 262 273 Kien Do National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam Tu Do National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam Tai Nguyen National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam Duc Le National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam Linh Phan National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam Chu Nguyen 1) National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam 2) Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam 2022 10 31 2023 07 23 Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type is a rare, aggressive, and poor prognostic subtype. The concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by chemotherapy showed a relatively high response rate and the toxicity due to the treatment is acceptable. The study attempted to report the clinicopathological features, the survival outcome, and response rates of stages I-II, nasal type ENKTL patients treated with CCRT followed by adjuvant VIPD chemotherapy in Vietnam. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 31 stage I or II NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal-type patients received by CCRT, followed by adjuvant VIPD chemotherapy. Information on patient demographics, disease stage, clinical symptoms, tumor, and paraclinical characteristics were collected. The primary endpoints of this study were OS and response rates. Results: After CCRT, 26 out of 31 (83.9%) patients had stable disease or response. Overall response rate (ORR) was observed in 80.6% of patients with a complete response rate of 67.7%. Low-risk PINK patients had a higher response rate than the intermediate- risk group(p=0.038). Mean disease-free survival was 44.3±4.5 months (95% CI, 35.4-53.1 months). Mean overall survival was 46.8±4.5 months (95% CI, 37.99-55.8 months). The intermediate-risk PINK patients had a significantly lower OS rate than low-risk patients. Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant VIPD chemotherapy showed a high response rate and survival benefit in stages I-II, nasal type, and extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma Vietnamese patients.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1926 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1926/1041

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 18 3 2024 07 18 274 284 Ayda Baghery Saghchy Khorasani Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mina Soufizomorrod Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Davood Bashash Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 10 18 2023 08 29 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells, terminally differentiated B cells, with complications like hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and bone disease, which are also known as CRAB criteria. MM develops from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), a pre-malignant plasma cell dyscrasia. Over some time, MGUS has the potential to progress into smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), which can evolve into MM. MM rarely progresses into plasma cell leukemia (PCL), a condition in which malignant plasma cells no longer stay in the bone marrow niche and circulate in the peripheral blood. In MM, various soluble factors play important roles, and  interleukin-6 has different vital roles.  Interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine, has significant roles in the growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and apoptosis resistance in MM. Interleukin-6 is produced and secreted by both autocrine from myeloma cells and paracrine from bone marrow stromal cells. To tackle MM, various therapeutic approaches were applied over many years, and according to the results, most patients with MM can respond well to first-line treatment. However, the majority of patients may relapse as conventional treatment may not be curative. So, there is an urgent need for novel cell-based and cell-free therapeutic strategies, such as mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies and their products to offer new therapeutic strategies for MM. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we investigated the impacts of exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) on apoptosis and interleukin-6 expression in a myeloma cell line, U-266, for the first time. hPMSCs were isolated from the human placenta and cultured in a DMEM medium. After characterizing the cells and acknowledging their identity, they underwent several passages and their supernatant was collected to harvest exosomes. The exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by DLS and TEM, and their concentration was measured by BCA protein assay. U266 cells were treated with different concentrations of exosomes and then MTT and annexin/propidium iodide flow cytometry tests were performed to evaluate cell viability. Afterward, a real-time PCR test was performed to evaluate interleukin-6 gene expression. Results: According to our findings, treatment of U-266 cells with hPMSCS-derived exosomes led to the preservation of myeloma cells without changes in their cell cycle. Surprisingly, treatments did not hinder the expression of interleukin-6 in the myeloma cells. Conclusion: In MM patients, interleukin-6 plays different roles, and it is a desirable target to design new therapeutic strategies. To evaluate the effects of new therapeutic strategies, we designed and performed our study to estimate the effects of cell-free therapeutic strategy.  In the present study, the impacts of hPMSCS-derived exosomes on the viability of MM cells and interleukin-6 gene expression were evaluated. The results showed that hPMSCS-derived exosomes resulted in the perseverance of myeloma cells without changes in the cell cycle.  Furthermore, the interleukin-6 gene expression level showed no significant change.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1919 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1919/1047

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 18 3 2024 07 18 285 296 Usama Al-Jumaily Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Hamid Rjeib Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq Sabah Al-Mosawy Department of Pediatrics, Children Teaching Hospital, Kerbala, Iraq Safa Faraj Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq Monika Metzger Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children`s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA