Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 2 2022 04 03 74 80 EN Fatemeh Nejatifar Department of Hematology &Oncology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran Shahrbano Rostami Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Barham Chahardouli Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Kasaeian Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Vaezi Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Kamranzadeh Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seied Asadollah Mousavi Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolfazl Farbod Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamran Alimoghaddam Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh Cancer & Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 04 13 2021 10 28 Background: Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) gene mutation has been reported to be a prognostic factor in normal-cytogenetic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Higher rates of mutation in the WT1 gene have been reported in several tumors including normal-cytogenetic AML patients. Data regarding WT1 mutations in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is very scarce. In this study, we evaluated the incidence and impact of WT1 mutation on the outcome of APL patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 92 patients diagnosed with APL were studied in three distinct groups: early mortality, relapsed, and persistent complete remission. Genomic DNA of bone marrow samples of patients was analyzed. For quantification of expression levels of the WT1 gene, real-time quantitative PCR (rqPCR) was performed by a real-time PCR system. WT1 mutation and its impact on prognosis were considered the primary endpoint of the study. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA. Results: WT1 mutation frequency was 6.25% in the early mortality group (1/16 patients), 13.16% in the relapse group (5/38 patients), and 7.89% in the persistent complete remission group (3/38 patients). 8 mutations were in exon 7 and one mutation in exon 9. WT1 mutation in the relapse group was associated with a trend toward worse disease-free survival (DFS) while overall survival (OS) was not affected by WT1 mutation in univariate analysis. Patients with no mutations in WT1 and FLT3/ITD had better overall survival and disease-free survival compared to patients with mutations in the WT1 gene or FLT3/ITD in the relapse group. Conclusion: The frequency of WT1 gene mutations does not differ significantly between patients with early mortality, relapse, and persistent complete remission. The presence of WT1 mutation is associated with higher relapse and lower survival rates in relapse group patients.       https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1607 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1607/922

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 2 2022 04 03 81 85 EN Mohammad Ali Kazemi Department of Radiology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Yazdani Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hashem Sharifian Department of Radiology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Keyvan Aghazadeh Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnaz Moradi Department of Radiology, Women’ Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hengameh Behravan Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Mikelani Department of Radiology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 06 06 2021 11 10 Background: Core needle biopsy (CNB) guided by imaging modalities seems to be an acceptable modality for diagnosis of lymphoma due to its safety, good applicability, availability as well as diagnostic accuracy, however; Studies have not reached a consensus on its diagnostic accuracy and factors affecting its performance. The present study aimed to assess the value of ultrasound-guided cervical CNB in the diagnosis of lymphoma in suspected patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 46 consecutive patients (20 to 82 years) with cervical mass or lymphadenopathy suspected of lymphoma and were candidates for diagnostic evaluation. Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies (UGCNB) were done by a single radiologist under guided ultrasonography. The diagnostic value of UGCNB in the diagnosis and determination of specific lymphoma subtypes was assessed. Results: Using UGCNB led to the diagnosis of lymphoma in 34.8% and non-lymphoma lesions in 43.5%, while the diagnosis remained unclear in other 21.7% with a total UGCNB-based identification rate of 78.3%. No patient with lymphoma was missed. All patients were followed up over a 6-month period. In none of the cases, clinical diagnosis and treatment response were found contrary to the initial pathologic diagnosis. No significant complication such as hematoma or infection was reported. Conclusion: UGCNB has a high diagnostic value for determining the nature of the cervical lesions suspected of lymphoma.  https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1361 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1361/929

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 2 2022 04 03 86 93 Mohammad Faranoush Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2)MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), MAHAK Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Narjes Mehrvar MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), MAHAK Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yasaman Sadeghi MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), MAHAK Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2)Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, and Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Tashvighi MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), MAHAK Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mardawig Alebouyeh MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), MAHAK Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azim Mehrvar 1)AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2)MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), MAHAK Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 01 26 2021 08 14 Background: The childhood cancer registry in Iran is a hospital-based system and there is not any unique and national registry system for pediatric malignancies in Iran. According to the limitations and requirements, this study was designed to clarify the aspect of childhood malignancies in Iran and promote establishing the Iranian national childhood cancer registry system.  Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional longitudinal study was implied on 1500 patients younger than 20-years old diagnosed with any malignancy and admitted at MAHAK Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center (MPCTRC) from 2007 to 2014. Data collection was based on a validated questionnaire with three categories including demographic data, clinical data and type of malignancy, and outcomes. Collected data were analyzed using methods for qualitative and quantitative variables (P-Value < 0.05) by SPSS software version 22. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meyer method.      Results: This study was implied on 1500 children with a mean age of 6.1 years old. The most common malignancy was acute leukemia (30.7%) followed by central nervous system tumors (27%). At the onset of starting treatment, the rate of conferring with relapse, metastasis, and secondary malignancies was 29%, 19.5%, and 1% respectively. In addition, 52 patients had bone marrow transplantation of whom, 14 cases died. Totally, 42% of patients died and the 3-years, 5-years, and 10-years overall survival rates were 67.7% ± 0.01, 60.3% ± 0.01, and 53.8% ± 0.01, respectively. Conclusion: Establishing a population-based pediatric cancer registry in Iran is necessary and will be useful for improving the survival rate of mentioned patients.    https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1537 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1537/925

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 2 2022 04 03 94 102 EN Rui Almeida Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Carlos Abrantes Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital of the University of Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal Davide Gigliano Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Rui Oliveira Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Paulo Teixeira Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Marta Viegas Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra de Francisco Gentil, 3000-651 Coimbra, Portugal Ângelo Rodrigues Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal Maria Julião Department of Pathology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, EPE, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal 2020 05 31 2022 01 03    Background: High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) with rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6, called double and triple-hit lymphomas (DTH-HGBL), are lymphoid malignancies with inferior outcomes when treated with standard chemotherapy. The identification of DTH-HGBL cases is challenging, considering their variable clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features. Materials and Methods: Retrospective revision of medical data of patients diagnosed with DTH-HGBL confirmed by FISH, between January 2010 and January 2020, in three Tertiary Portuguese Hospitals (Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute – Coimbra and Portuguese Oncology Institute – Porto). Pathological features, morphology, and immunohistochemical profile were evaluated by at least two experienced pathologists in hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. Results: The cohort included 24 patients: 33.3% triple-hit, 58.3%, MYC/BCL2 double-hit and 8.3% MYC/BCL6 double-hit. There was no gender predominance, with a median age of 62.5±14.3y, 33.3% were diagnosed as nodal disease and 66.7% as extranodal. Morphologic features of  DLBCL were present in 50% of cases, morphological features of both DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma (DLBCL/BL) in 45.8% and 4.2% of blastoid morphology. Immunohistochemical evaluation, regarding the Hans algorithm, revealed a Germinal center (GC)/GC-like subtype in 83.3% of cases and a non-GC/non-GC-like subtype in 16.7%.  MYC was positive in 42.9% and the median proliferative index was 80±12.4%. Conclusion: DTH-HGBL has a very broad range of features. We consider that a cost-effective approach would be to perform cytogenetic analysis in DLBCL and DLBCL/BL cases with GC/GC-like subtype. MYC and BCL2 immunohistochemistry can be useful to identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive therapies, but not as tools for case selection for FISH.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1351 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1351/927

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 2 2022 04 03 103 109 Mohsen Esfandbod Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Tehrani Department of Psychosomatics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Maryam Haghshomar Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pantea Arya Department of Psychology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahareh Shateri Amiri Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Toogeh Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Manouchehr Keyhani Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 17 2021 04 25   Background: The most prominent part of the cellular response of the immune system is driven by neutrophils. These cells tend to decline following chemotherapy in patients with leukemia. Neutropenia is an influential factor in the prognosis of cancer patients. Stress reduces white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils are linked to an increased risk of infectious diseases after chemotherapy. We investigated the association between neutropenia and perceived stress following chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 60 patients with leukemia in a university hospital. Participants completed self-report measures including the demographic data and perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaire. We compared rates of neutropenia, as a measure of chemotherapy prognosis, 10 days after chemotherapy in different stress levels. Moreover, the number of patients with polymorphonucleae advises against routine azole use in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to prevent neurotoxicity. Furthermore, a resource-tiered framework was developed for centers with varying diagnostic capabilities. The result of this effort was to present a tiered and local model that provides a practical solution for both well-equipped and limited facilities. The existence of this national guideline creates a major advantage in that treatment approaches are unified and standardized across the country. By eliminating discretionary decisions, this document helps to better manage medication use and ultimately improve patient outcomes, regardless of the city in which they are treated or the facilities they are treated at. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2678 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2678/1134

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 232 236 EN Kaustav Ghosh Department of Hematology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal Prakas Mandal Department of Hematology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal 2025 06 01 2026 02 21 Patients with acute leukemia are immunocompromised and highly susceptible to infections. Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculoma is a rare but serious complication in this population, particularly among those undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies. Early diagnosis is often challenging due to non-specific symptoms. We report the case of a 28-year-old female recently diagnosed with CALLA-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who presented with a two-month history of low-grade fever. Induction chemotherapy was initiated; however, during the third week, she developed new-onset seizures. A computed tomography scan of the brain revealed a heterogeneous ring-enhancing lesion in the right parietal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging with spectroscopy demonstrated characteristic lipid peaks, supporting the diagnosis of a tuberculoma. Antitubercular therapy comprising rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, along with pyridoxine and dexamethasone, was commenced. The patient showed a favorable response, with resolution of fever and no recurrence of seizures. This case underscores the importance of considering CNS tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained neurological symptoms and fever in patients with acute leukemia, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic regions. Prompt recognition and treatment can lead to favorable outcomes. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2444 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2444/1138

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 144 151 EN Kaustav Das Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra-411018, India Prashant Suryarao Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Cenrtre, Pune, Maharashtra-411018, India 2024 12 12 2025 12 29 Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Early detection through effective screening methods is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. Opportunistic cervical cytology testing in outpatient settings plays an important role in the early identification of precancerous lesions. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in detecting precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in a defined population. One hundred women aged between 25 and 75 years were screened using LBC. Cytological specimens were processed and analyzed by experienced cytopathologists. Results: The detection rate of precancerous lesions was 13% (n = 13), and cervical cancer was detected in 2% (n = 2) of patients. Most patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) were in the fourth decade of life (30–39 years; 37 cases, 37%), followed by the third decade (20–29 years; 23 cases, 23%). Of the patients diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 72.7% (8 out of 11) were in the 51–70 years age group. Conclusion: LBC demonstrated a detection rate of 13% for premalignant lesions and 2% for cervical cancer in this opportunistic screening population. The majority of LSIL/HSIL cases occurred in women aged 51–70 years, suggesting that older age groups may benefit from targeted screening efforts. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance of LBC in this setting and can inform the development of effective cervical cancer screening programs to reduce disease burden. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2358 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2358/1130

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 195 220 Dr Sanjeev Jain Department of Anatomy, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Shehzeen Afaq Department of Anatomy, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Sonika Sharma Department of Anatomy, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 2025 03 22 2025 12 28 Three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) have transformed oncology imaging, excelling in tumor detection, classification, segmentation, and prognosis prediction. Unlike traditional two-dimensional CNNs, 3D CNNs effectively analyze volumetric medical imaging data, enhancing spatial feature extraction and diagnostic accuracy across modalities, including CT, MRI, PET, and ultrasound. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of 3D CNNs across 22 studies, of which 11 were eligible for quantitative synthesis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.72, 0.73, and 0.77, respectively, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 10.38, indicating favorable discriminative ability. Subgroup analyses demonstrated superior accuracy in lung cancer and CT-based models, with DenseNet and ResNet architectures outperforming traditional CNNs. Technical innovations—including multi-modal fusion, spatial context integration, and explainable AI techniques—enhance model robustness and clinician trust. However, substantial heterogeneity (I² > 95%) across studies, attributable to differences in imaging protocols, dataset quality, and model design, underscores the need for standardized methodologies. Persistent challenges include computational demands, annotation variability, and generalization limitations. Future directions should prioritize the integration of explainable AI, PACS-compatible user interfaces, and federated learning frameworks to bridge institutional gaps. This review highlights the considerable promise of 3D CNNs in advancing precision oncology, while also identifying the infrastructural and methodological refinements necessary for widespread clinical adoption.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/2425 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/2425/1135

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 20 2 2026 06 29 152 158 Wining Astini Program of Veterinary Paramedic, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Alif Iman Fitrianto Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Adkhilni Utami Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Adisti Dwijayanti Department of Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Frans Dyanagiri Suyatna Department of Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas