Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 4 2022 10 15 189 197 EN Eucario Leon Rodriguez Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Program, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico Monica Rivera Franco Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Program, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico 2020 09 03 2020 10 29 Background: Conditioning regimens are critical for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). After unfavorable results using BuCy2 at the beginning of our HCT Program, a restructuring was made with the consequent development of a modified HCT method including a reduced conditioning regimen. The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes using Reduced BuCy2 (rBuCy2) in allo-HCT. Materials and Methods: Data from 38 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent allo-HCT conditioned with rBuCy2 in a 21-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Most patients were males (53%) and the median age was 35 years. The most common disease was myelodysplastic syndrome (55%). Toxicity grades III-IV were observed in 44%; and acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease were observed in 26% and 34%, respectively; the median follow-up was 26 months; 30-day non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 3%, and 1 and 2-year NRM were 8%. Ten-year overall survival (OS) was 60%, and 86%, for AML and MDS, respectively. Conclusion: Our rBuCy2 maintains a myeloablative effect, along with immunosuppression for fast engraftment and more importantly, this regimen reduces grades III-IV acute GVHD and NRM in allo-HCT and improves the OS and it appears to be an option for low and middle-income countries https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1423 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1423/946

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 4 2022 10 15 250 263 Atousa Haghi 1) Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2) Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3) Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnaz Mohammadi Kian 1) Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2) Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdieh Salemi 1) Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2) Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Eghdami 1) Department of Social Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 2) Department of Biological Anthropology, Research Institute of Guilan Studies, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Mohsen Nikbakht Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2) Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 13 2022 01 11 Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative process that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Autophagy plays a critical role in balancing sources of energy in response to harsh conditions and nutrient deprivation. Autophagy allows cells to survive in harsh condition and also serve as a death mechanism. Any dysregulation in autophagy signaling may lead to several disorders. Autophagy has been proposed to explain chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This signaling pathway can either act as a tumor suppressive function or chemo-resistance mechanism. Conventional chemotherapy drugs enhance apoptosis and indicate clinical benefit, but in some cases, relapse and chemotherapy resistance are observed. In leukemia, autophagy may promote cell survival in response to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, new strategies by inhibiting or activating autophagy may find a broad application for treating leukemia and may significantly enhance clinical outcomes. In this review, we discussed how dimensional role of autophagy in leukemia.  https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1547 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1547/955

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 4 2022 10 15 198 208 Jitendra Lakhani Department of Medicine, SBKSMI&RC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be university, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Roop Gill Department of Medicine, SBKSMI&RC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be university, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Deep Mehta Department of Medicine, SBKSMI&RC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be university, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Sucheta Lakhani Department of Microbiology, SBKSMI&RC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be university, Vadodara, Gujarat, India 2020 09 13 2021 05 15 Background: Spleen has been found to be the earliest organ involved in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with variable manifestations in different geographical regions. It usually undergoes autosplenectomy by adolescence but in countries like India, the course of the disease and splenic manifestations are different. And here we aim to study these differences and the relationship between spleen size and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and various splenic complications in our patients with sickle cell disease. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study of 62 adult patients with sickle cell disease admitted in our prestigious institute in the northwestern part of India, mostly hailing from the tribal population. The clinical and ultrasonographic methods have been used to identify splenomegaly and spleen size and prevalence have been calculated. The correlation coefficient has been calculated between fetal hemoglobin, sickle hemoglobin, and spleen size. Results: The analysis done revealed that 77.4% of patients had abnormal spleen with high average HbF(14.9±5.0) values compared to those who had normal spleen(12.12±4.1). Only 2 patients were found to have no spleen and 3.3% had splenic infarct. All patients with splenomegaly had anemia, 51.6% of patients were in sickle cell crisis and 22.5% were having infections. We also found a weak but positive correlation between spleen size and HbF. Conclusion: This study revealed the persistence of the spleen, the high prevalence of splenomegaly in the Indian adult population with sickle cell disease, and higher levels of fetal hemoglobin, the exact reason for which is still a subject of speculation that needs research. But this paper provides clear evidence of different natural courses of SCD in India. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1429 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1429/947

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 4 2022 10 15 209 216 Mohammad Biglari Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hosein Kamranzadeh Foumani Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Bagherian Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahram Chahardouli Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh Cancer & Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 02 24 2022 09 06 Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a distinct lymphoproliferative disorder with unique circulating lymphocyte morphology. It is now regarded as an indolent disease yet treatable with purine analogs. We are going to present a complete long-term clinical and prognostic report of our HCL patients as a large cohort in Iran. Methods: All patients diagnosed with HCL according to WHO criteria referred to our academic center in the period of 1995 to 2020 are enrolled. Treatment with daily cladribine regimen was initiated as indicated and patients were followed. Survival data and clinical outcome of patients were calculated. Results: A total 50 patients were studied (76% male). Median time to treatment was 4.8 months and complete remission was achieved in 92% of patients. Nine patients (18%) experienced relapse with median time to relapse of 47 months. After median follow-up of 51 months, the median OS was not reached and after 234 months, the overall survival rate was 86%. Survival was worse in patients with non-classic HCL (vHCL) compared to classic HCL. Conclusion: Our long-term follow up data confirmed favorable outcome of Iranian HCL patients with cladribine and provide a useful viewpoint of the disease. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1807 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1807/954

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 4 2022 10 15 217 223 Mozaffar Aznab Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Babak Izadi Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Farhad Amirian Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Sedigheh Khazaei 1) Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2) Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Seyed Hamid Madani Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mazaher Ramezani Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2020 08 28 2022 01 09   Background: Amplification of HER2 is an important factor in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the gold standard for the detection of HER2-positive tumors. However, the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay for the detection of HER2 is more popular in the preclinical laboratory since it is faster and more economical compared to the FISH test. Materials and Methods: In this study, the status of HER2 amplification is determined by the FISH test using 44 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples and comparing the results with the IHC test to determine the reliability of the IHC test. Also, the relationship between HER2 amplification and estrogen, progesterone receptors, P53, age, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, tumor size, and histological grade were determined. Results: Examination of HER2 in 44 samples by IHC showed 3 (6.8%) and 5 (11.4%) samples were positive (IHC 3+) and negative (IHC 0, 1+), respectively, and 36 (81.8%) samples were ambiguous (IHC 2 +), but examination by FISH showed 21 samples (47, 7%) were positive and 23 samples (52, 3%) were negative. There was a significant difference between IHC and FISH in the detection of HER2 amplification (P=0.019). Also, there was a significant difference between HER2 amplification and menopause in patients (P=0.035). Conclusion: This result demonstrated that the IHC test is not a reliable test to determine HER2 amplification. This study represented that FISH analysis is more reliable than IHC and must be preferentially performed for all cases, especially for HER2 +2 cases for whom the IHC result is 2+. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1422 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1422/949

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 4 2022 10 15 224 230 Shahabeddin Hatefi Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Aida Kadkhodaei Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Babak Nejati Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Saba Ghaffary Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2021 05 30 2022 09 13 Background: Drug-drug interaction (DDI) occurs when the pharmacological effect of a drug is altered due to concomitant administration with other drugs. DDIs still remain a serious issue; thus, we conducted this retrospective study to evaluate DDIs prevalence in our care center. Methods: All admitted patients with any kind of malignancies that received at least two medications from oncology and non-oncology classifications during six months were enrolled in this study. All relevant data including, patients’ demographic information, diagnosis, hospitalization duration, and all administered medication during hospitalization were recorded. The DDI was assessed by using the latest version of Lexi-interact. Results: Each patient received a mean number of 11.6±4.7 medications. The number of non-oncology drugs demonstrated a remarkable correlation with the number of interactions (P<0.001). Whereas, the number of oncology drugs does not have any relation with the number of interactions (P=0.64). Among the 763 detected DDIs during this study, the incidence of major, moderate and minor interactions were 31.2%, 61.4%, and 7.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Our results highlighted the clinical significance of DDIs, considering that 104 (92%) patients had at least one DDI. The main reason that could have potentially contributed to this outcome is the complicated nature of cancer treatment and clinical management. We believe that using computer software to collect all prescribed and OTC collaboration of clinical pharmacists with oncologists can reduce the potential interactions prior to drug administration. https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1645 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1645/950

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 16 3 2022 07 09 151 156 Saeed Mohammadi Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2) Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3) Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Aghabozorg Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Sahar Balagholi Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Shirin Ferdowsi Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Shahin Sharifi Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Peyman Eshghi Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran AND Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children`s Health ,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 05 23 2021 08 12 Background: A declining need for red blood cells coupled with strengthening demand for plasma-derived medicines has led to a strong focus on moving whole blood donors to plasmapheresis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the four-year policies of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) in terms of plasmapheresis recruitment of first-time donors and its effect on plasmapheresis outcome.   Materials and Methods: Plasmapheresis data related to 16 centers from 2016 to 2019 was obtained from IBTO software. This information includes; (1) blood donation number, (2) plasmapheresis donation number, (3) number of plasmapheresis donors, (4) plasmapheresis donor demographic data, (5) plasmapheresis donor status, (6) frequency of plasma donation for each donor, (7) volume of plasma and (8) the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in plasmapheresis donors. Results: The result of this study demonstrated that plasmapheresis collection centers have recruited 85,515 (91%) first-time and 8,595(9%) regular and repeated donors from 2016 to 2019 years. Plasmapheresis to blood donation index was increased from 0.2% in 2016 to 4.9% in 2019. The mean donation number was 2 times per year. The trend of the yearly Whole Blood Donation (WBD) Index decreased from 26.69 to 24.11/1000 for the general population. The total volume of collected source plasma was 49,203 liters during this period. However, 46,000 liters of recovered plasma were decreased due to less WBD. Furthermore, the results indicated that the prevalence of HCV was significantly higher in first-time donors compared to repeated and regular donors (P = 0.000). Conclusion: It is concluded that during four years, the net volume of plasma did not increase and plasmapheresis led to reducing WBD in our country. Moreover, first-time plasmapheresis donors can be associated with challenges such as increasing screening costs and compromising the safety of plasma resources. Therefore IBTO decided to stop the project and focus on its main role to prepare safe and sufficient blood components through WB collection and also single donor platelet and concurrent plasma by plateletpheresis.   https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/view/1641 https://ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijhoscr/article/download/1641/940

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 2008-2207 16 3 2022 07 09 157 163 Roya Irani Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran Masoud Maleki Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Tabriz, Iran Vida Vahdani Kia Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Tabriz, Iran Esmaeil Safavi Department of Basic Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Negin Sadi Khosroshahi Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran 2021 03 29 2021 10 23 Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the male that affects the health, social and economic life of person. Different compounds such as Wharton jelly, have been used to treat prostate cancer. Wharton jelly is a tissue rich in cells with mesenchymal morphology. Wharton jelly compound inhibited the growth of various cancer cells, including ovarian, osteosarcoma, breast, and prostate cancers, and also reduced the expression of CXCR4 and VLA-4 genes involved in the metastasis process. Materials and Methods: To do this research, Wharton jelly stem cells and DU145 cancer cell line were cultured. After cell culture, the e