Myeloid Sarcoma: Case Series with Unusual Locations
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) or chloroma is a localized mass composed of blastic cells of granulocytic lineage. It is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia and usually presents as a complication of acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid dysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative disorder. MS occurs in 2.5-9.1% of patients with AML, precedes the clinical disease, coincidence with the onset or at relapse, and in rare conditions, it can occur with no evidence of hematologic disorders. Here, we presented seven cases of MS in unusual locations or with rare presentations at presentation or relapse. We concluded that MS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any high-grade tumor, especially in a patient with previous history of any myeloid neoplasm.
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2. King A. Case of chloroma. Mon J Med Sci. 1853;8(44):97-104.
3. Schultz J, Shay H, Gruenstein M. The chemistry of experimental chloroma I. Porphyrins and peroxidases. Cancer Res. 1954;14(3):157–62.
4. Reardon G, Moloney W. Chloroma and related myeloblastic neoplasms. Arch Intern Med. 1961;108:864–71.
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6. Bakst RL, Tallman MS, Douer D, et al. How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2011; 118 (14): 3785–3793.
7. Isonishi S, Ochiai K, Nikaido T, et al. Isolated myeloid sarcoma of the vulva. Clin Ovarian Cancer. 2011;4(1):49–51.
8. Yu Y, Qin X, Yan S, et al. Non-leukemic myeloid sarcoma involving the vulva, vagina, and cervix: a case report and literature review. Onco Targets Ther. 2015;8:3707–13.
9. Ersahin C, Omeroglu G, Potkul RK, et al. Myeloid sarcoma of the vulva as the presenting symptom in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;106(1):259–61.
10. Policarpio-Nicolas M, Valente P, Aune G, et al. Isolated vaginal myeloid sarcoma in a 16-year-old girl. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2012;16(5):374–9.
11. Nazer A, Al-Badawi I, Chebbo W, et al. Myeloid sarcoma of the vulva post-bone marrow transplant presenting as isolated extramedullary relapse in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2012;5(2):118–21.
12. Avni B, Koren-Michowitz M. Myeloid sarcoma: current approach and therapeutic options. Ther Adv Hematol. 2011; 2(5); 309-316.
13. Jo S, Shim HK, Kim JY, et al. Myeloid Sarcoma That Infiltrated a Preexisting Sebaceous Lymphadenoma in the Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Challenges and Literature Review. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019:9869406.
14. Zhang X, Huang P, Chen Z, et al. Vulvar myeloid sarcoma as the presenting symptom of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and literature review of Chinese patients, 1999–2018. Diagn Pathol.2019; 14(1):126.
15. Magdy M, Abdel Karim M, Eldessouki I, et al. Myeloid Sarcoma. Oncol Res Treat. 2019;42(4):224–229.
16. Pileri SA, Orazi A, Falini B. Myeloid sarcoma in: Swedlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J (eds):. WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue, Revised 4th edition.IARC: Lyon 2017:167-8.
17) Antic D, Elezovic I, Milic N, et al. Is there a “gold” standard treatment for patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma? Biomed Pharmacother. 2013; 67(1): 72–7.
18. Shimizu H, Saitoh T, Tanaka M, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult AML patients with granulocytic sarcoma. Leukemia. 2012; 26(12):2469-73.
19. Aarber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, et al. The 2016 revision to WHO classification of myeloid neoplasm and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016; 127(20):2391-405.
20. Shen J, Du X, Diao X, et al. Myeloid sarcoma presenting with multiple skin and subcutaneous after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2015;47(7):2227-2232.
21. Yilmaz AF, Saydam G, Sahin F, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma: a systematic review. Am J Blood Res. 2013 18;3(4):265-70.
22. Kulkarni RS, Anand AS, Pate AA, et al. Aleukemic granulocytic sarcoma and leukemic cutis. J Appl Hematol. 2016;7(2): 70-75
23. Zhou J, Bell D, Medeiros LJ. Myeloid sarcoma of the head and neck region . Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013;137(11): 1560-8.
24. Campidelli C, Agostinelli C, Stitson R, et al. Myeloid sarcoma: extramedullary manifestation of myeloid disorders. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(3):426-37.
25. Cronin DMP, George TI, Sundram UN. An updated approach to the diagnosis of myeloid leukemic cutis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(1):101-10.
26. Pamukcuoğlu M, Acar K, Akyürek N, et al. Non-Leukemic Granulocytic Sarcoma Presenting with Multiple Skin Nodules and a Retroperitoneal Mass. Turk J Haematol. 2013; 30(1): 81–82.
2. King A. Case of chloroma. Mon J Med Sci. 1853;8(44):97-104.
3. Schultz J, Shay H, Gruenstein M. The chemistry of experimental chloroma I. Porphyrins and peroxidases. Cancer Res. 1954;14(3):157–62.
4. Reardon G, Moloney W. Chloroma and related myeloblastic neoplasms. Arch Intern Med. 1961;108:864–71.
5. Pileri S, Ascani S, Cox M, et al. Myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients. Leukemia. 2007;21(2):340–50.
6. Bakst RL, Tallman MS, Douer D, et al. How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2011; 118 (14): 3785–3793.
7. Isonishi S, Ochiai K, Nikaido T, et al. Isolated myeloid sarcoma of the vulva. Clin Ovarian Cancer. 2011;4(1):49–51.
8. Yu Y, Qin X, Yan S, et al. Non-leukemic myeloid sarcoma involving the vulva, vagina, and cervix: a case report and literature review. Onco Targets Ther. 2015;8:3707–13.
9. Ersahin C, Omeroglu G, Potkul RK, et al. Myeloid sarcoma of the vulva as the presenting symptom in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;106(1):259–61.
10. Policarpio-Nicolas M, Valente P, Aune G, et al. Isolated vaginal myeloid sarcoma in a 16-year-old girl. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2012;16(5):374–9.
11. Nazer A, Al-Badawi I, Chebbo W, et al. Myeloid sarcoma of the vulva post-bone marrow transplant presenting as isolated extramedullary relapse in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2012;5(2):118–21.
12. Avni B, Koren-Michowitz M. Myeloid sarcoma: current approach and therapeutic options. Ther Adv Hematol. 2011; 2(5); 309-316.
13. Jo S, Shim HK, Kim JY, et al. Myeloid Sarcoma That Infiltrated a Preexisting Sebaceous Lymphadenoma in the Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Challenges and Literature Review. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019:9869406.
14. Zhang X, Huang P, Chen Z, et al. Vulvar myeloid sarcoma as the presenting symptom of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and literature review of Chinese patients, 1999–2018. Diagn Pathol.2019; 14(1):126.
15. Magdy M, Abdel Karim M, Eldessouki I, et al. Myeloid Sarcoma. Oncol Res Treat. 2019;42(4):224–229.
16. Pileri SA, Orazi A, Falini B. Myeloid sarcoma in: Swedlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J (eds):. WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue, Revised 4th edition.IARC: Lyon 2017:167-8.
17) Antic D, Elezovic I, Milic N, et al. Is there a “gold” standard treatment for patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma? Biomed Pharmacother. 2013; 67(1): 72–7.
18. Shimizu H, Saitoh T, Tanaka M, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult AML patients with granulocytic sarcoma. Leukemia. 2012; 26(12):2469-73.
19. Aarber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, et al. The 2016 revision to WHO classification of myeloid neoplasm and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016; 127(20):2391-405.
20. Shen J, Du X, Diao X, et al. Myeloid sarcoma presenting with multiple skin and subcutaneous after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2015;47(7):2227-2232.
21. Yilmaz AF, Saydam G, Sahin F, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma: a systematic review. Am J Blood Res. 2013 18;3(4):265-70.
22. Kulkarni RS, Anand AS, Pate AA, et al. Aleukemic granulocytic sarcoma and leukemic cutis. J Appl Hematol. 2016;7(2): 70-75
23. Zhou J, Bell D, Medeiros LJ. Myeloid sarcoma of the head and neck region . Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013;137(11): 1560-8.
24. Campidelli C, Agostinelli C, Stitson R, et al. Myeloid sarcoma: extramedullary manifestation of myeloid disorders. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(3):426-37.
25. Cronin DMP, George TI, Sundram UN. An updated approach to the diagnosis of myeloid leukemic cutis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(1):101-10.
26. Pamukcuoğlu M, Acar K, Akyürek N, et al. Non-Leukemic Granulocytic Sarcoma Presenting with Multiple Skin Nodules and a Retroperitoneal Mass. Turk J Haematol. 2013; 30(1): 81–82.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17, No 4 (2023) | |
| Section | Case Report(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i4.13922 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Non-leukemic myeloid sarcoma; Acute leukemia | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Abedi A, Namdari N, Monabati A, Safaei A, Rajabi P, Mokhtari M. Myeloid Sarcoma: Case Series with Unusual Locations. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 2023;17(4):296-303.
