Background: The Wound healing process, as a coordinated physiological mechanism, is a critical subject in medicine. The slow healing and scar formation associated with numerous conventional therapies have led researchers to seek new and more effective therapeutics.  This study evaluated the effects of Mummy material, Wharton Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs), and Adipocyte Stem cells (ASCs) on the fibroblast migration and proliferation.

Materials and Methods: It was demonstrated that fibroblast cells could attach to three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds in the mentioned microenvironment. ASCs and WJSCs were enriched from human adipose tissue and women undergoing cesarean section, respectively. The proliferation rate, migration, expression of fibronectin, collagen I, III, and cell adhesion on PCL scaffold in the presence of mummy material were investigated.

Results: The results emphasized the importance of Mummy material, ASCs, and WJSCs in the migration and proliferation of fibroblast cells. The presence of the aforementioned components and cells enhanced the expression of fibronectin (FN1) and collagen types I and III. Additionally, the mummy material was found to promote the proliferation of ADSCs and WJSCs seeded on the PCL scaffold. Together, these findings demonstrate a valuable in vitro technique for studying the healing process.

Conclusion: As a result, the potential for using Mummy material and stem cell-based therapeutics in wound healing is exciting.

Background: The expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein in B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPDs) can provide valuable prognostic information and assist in assessing minimal bone marrow (BM) infiltration. This study aimed to detect BCL-2 expression in B-CLPDs and correlate the findings with various clinicobiologic factors.

Materials and Methods: Immunocytochemical staining was performed on mononuclear cell smears from 46 Sudanese patients, including 25 with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and 21 with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B-NHL), who were enrolled during their visit to the Radiation and Isotope Centre and Fedail Hospital, Khartoum. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, morphology, and immunophenotyping.

Results: Among the 46 B-CLPD cases, BCL-2 expression was identified in 13 (28.2%), including 8/25 (32%) cases with B-CLL and 5/21 (23.8%) with B-NHL. No statistically significant associations were found between BCL-2 expression and age, sex, total white blood cell count, disease stage, and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (all P>0.05). However, BM involvement was significantly associated with BCL-2 expression (P=0.02).

Conclusion: The immunocytochemical staining method effectively detects BCL-2 protein in B-CLPDs, even in cases with minimal BM infiltration, thereby facilitating the correlation of this protein’s expression with morphological and other clinicobiologic features. By combining cytologic morphology with immunocytochemistry, this technique enables earlier and more accessible evaluation of BM involvement.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the rate of neutrophil and platelet engraftment in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Additionally, it sought to assess whether engraftment kinetics were influenced by CD34+ cell dose, CD3+ cell dose in T cell-replete transplants with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), and the type of stem cell transplantation.

Materials and Methods: The study included 60 pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between August 2023 and January 2024. Flow cytometry was used to quantify CD34+ cells. A peripheral smear and the haematology analyzer were used to measure the platelet count and neutrophils from day 1+ to day 28+.

Results: Among 60 patients, 3 were autologous (5%), 15 were MRD (25%), 6 were MUD (10%), 30 were T-cell-repleted transplants with PTCy (50%), and 6 were TCRα/β-depleted transplants (10%). The neutrophil and platelet engraftment were correlated with demographic characteristics (e.g., age and gender) and clinical factors (e.g., transplant, diagnosis, and CD34+ cell dosage levels). In addition, CD3+ T cell dosages of ≥2×108 cells/kg or < 2×108 cells/kg were also correlated with engraftment kinetics. Both the type of peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) and the CD3+ T cell dose showed a statistically significant association with neutrophil engraftment.

Conclusion: This study showed a poor correlation between CD34+ cell dosage and engraftment. However, maximum engraftment occurred between day 10+ and day 14+ in fully matched transplants. T cell-repleted transplants with PTCy exhibited maximum engraftment between 15–18 days, and all TCR α/β depleted transplants engrafted between day 10+ and day 14+.

Background: Among the co-factors contributing to human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical carcinogenesis, genital chlamydial infection is considered a very strong risk factor. The molecular mechanisms by which this organism contributes to HPV-related cervical carcinogenesis remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of vimentin in cervical carcinogenesis in women infected with human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis.

Materials and Methods: A total of 200 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cervical tissue samples were collected from women with pre-invasive and invasive cervical disease in northern Nigeria during July 2022 to September 2023. Samples were screened for both high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and C. trachomatis antigen using GeneXpert^® and rapid tests, respectively. Samples that were positive for hrHPV, C. trachomatis, and cervical cancer underwent immunohistochemistry assay for vimentin detection.

Results: The results showed that 47 (23.5%) samples had hrHPV, while 17 (8.5%) samples had C. trachomatis antigen. A total of 103 samples were assayed for vimentin expression, of which 16 (15.5%) samples expressed vimentin at varying degrees. It was observed that vimentin expression increased significantly with increasing tumor severity.

Conclusion: The strong statistical association between vimentin expression and hrHPV-C. trachomatis co-infection in cervical carcinogenesis suggests the potential application of vimentin expression assays for early detection of cervical cancer, monitoring disease progression, and implementing prompt treatment approaches. This study findings implicate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a possible molecular mechanism for cervical carcinogenesis in women infected with hrHPV and C. trachomatis and highlight vimentin as a poor prognostic indicator, given its observed correlation with tumor severity.

The skin is a vital organ that plays a crucial role in healing disruptions and abnormalities. Cutaneous wound healing faces some obstacles in certain abnormalities, including in diabetic patients. Various therapeutic approaches have been explored to enhance healing and restore skin integrity.

In recent years, exosomes have been introduced as a new cell-free therapy for wound healing. They are defined as naturally secreted nanovesicles released from most cell types into the extracellular space that can impact many targeted cells. In contrast to previous methods, exosomes have a longer half-life in target tissue and exert a more lasting effect. They also have fewer side effects thanks to their natural biological source.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied for their therapeutic potential, but those from other cell types, such as fibroblasts, remain less explored. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate existing research on the wound-healing effects of fibroblast-derived exosomes (FB-EXOs), highlighting their potential as a novel treatment strategy.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. This study aims to conduct a five-year update on induction chemotherapy's efficacy, safety, and prognostic value in patients with AML.

Based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was performed on online databases for relevant studies on complete remission with incomplete hematologic response (CRi), complete remission (CR), adverse events, and overall survival. The articles obtained were observational studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane’s risk-of-bias tool. The analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and R Statistical Software 3.3.

Thirteen clinical trial studies, involving 1,863 participants, were included in this survey. Based on the analysis, the CRi and CR levels, where each was obtained as a whole at 9% (random effect; 95%CI 6-13%; heterogeneity;

The combined use of plant-based antioxidants and iron chelators presents a synergistic treatment approach that effectively tackles both iron overload and the accompanying oxidative stress in individuals with transfusion-dependent Thalassemia (TDT). Plant-based antioxidants counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage, whereas iron chelators effectively bind excess iron, reducing the body's iron concentration. This combined therapy can be beneficial in improving TDT patients with iron overload. We systematically reviewed the literature exploring the plant-based antioxidants with iron chelators for iron overload in transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Patients. All fourteen included studies were randomized clinical trials, employing various randomization methods including simple randomization, double-blinded, triple-blinded, and crossover designs. The included studies enrolled participants across different age groups, including both young and adult patients. Despite the variability in plant-based antioxidants with iron-chelating properties, the key findings were as follows: Nine studies reported a significant reduction in iron overload, eight studies observed a marked decrease in oxidative stress markers, and five studies demonstrated reduced liver enzyme levels, suggesting potential hepatoprotective effects. All included studies reported significant effects of various supplements on key biomarkers, including total iron (Fe), ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and liver enzymes (AST, ALT). Silymarin, green tea, and grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation demonstrated notable reductions in total Fe, Ferritin, ASL, and ALT levels. Additionally, these supplements increased TIBC levels, suggesting improved iron metabolism. In contrast, quercetin and curcumin supplementation did not show a statistically significant difference compared to control groups in these outcomes.

Sweet's syndrome is a rare dermatological condition characterized by a constellation of clinical features, including fever, neutrophilic leukocytosis, painful skin plaques, and dermal neutrophil infiltration. Various etiologies have been documented, encompassing both underlying diseases and pharmacological agents. We present a case involving a 35-year-old female patient who exhibited fever and progressive cutaneous lesions manifesting as a painful erythematous rash on the limbs and trunk. Initially misdiagnosed as seronegative lupus erythematosus, her condition did not improve. A skin biopsy revealed significant neutrophilic infiltration, and she subsequently developed leukocytosis, leading to a diagnosis of acute leukemia upon bone marrow examination. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, resulting in a relative improvement of her skin lesions.

This case study outlines the complex treatment journey of a 53-year-old male diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Despite initial therapy with Imatinib and a subsequent switch to Dasatinib and then Bosutinib due to treatment resistance and adverse effects, the patient experienced multiple unexpected complications, including bilateral pleural effusions, pulmonary arterial hypertension, renal impairment, and neurological symptoms. Bosutinib was identified as the likely cause, leading to its discontinuation and transition to Nilotinib, which resulted in a sustained molecular response without further adverse events. Through this case report and literature review, we aim to expand the dimensions of the toxicity profile of bosutinib.                                                          

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that can occur anywhere in the GI tract, but commonly present in the stomach and small bowel. Here we present a 39-year-old male with a suspected GIST in the setting of type I neurofibromatosis (NF1). Given the history of NF1 and presumable insensitivity to Imatinib, surgical oncology opted for resection of the mass after discussion with the multidisciplinary sarcoma tumor board. Instead of neoadjuvant therapeutic options for wild-type (WT) NF1-related GIST, surgical resection remains the most advantageous treatment. The efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibition and other chemotherapies tailored for WT GIST is currently untenable and warrants increased clinical trials and exploration of WT pathogenesis concerning NF1 to support Imatinib-sensitive patients.

Medulloblastoma is the most common primary CNS malignant neoplasm in the paediatric age group, accounting for 12 to 20 % of all childhood malignancies, but medulloblastoma in an adult is rare. We report a case of a 31-year-old male who presented with an inability to walk and episodic vomiting. MRI of the brain revealed a midline lesion involving the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Excision and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of medulloblastoma, desmoplastic/nodular. After 10 months, he had a recurrence of the tumour and a redo surgery was attempted, followed by 6 # cycles of chemotherapy. The patient was lost to follow-up; 3 years later, PET-CT showed multiple metastases to the lung and cervical lymph node along with bicytopenia. The bone marrow study revealed interstitial infiltration by small round blue cells. Immunohistochemistry showed these cells were positive for synaptophysin, supporting a diagnosis of medulloblastoma metastasis to the bone marrow.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is the immune mediated destruction of red blood cells leading to anemia. It is a well-known paraneoplastic syndrome in hematological malignancies, particularly lymphoproliferative disorders but rarely reported in solid tumors. In this report, we describe the case of a 79-year-old gentleman who presented with mixed AIHA, initially treated with methylprednisolone and rituximab with improvement in labs.  CT abdomen and pelvis showed a 3.6 cm pancreatic tail mass concerning for neoplasm with splenic vein thrombosis and carcinomatosis. The biopsy revealed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methylprednisolone was changed to prednisone and his hemoglobin remained stable throughout the hospital course. This case presents an extremely rare association between AIHA and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.