Shark Cartilage Modulates Immune Responses in Stage III Breast Cancer Patients
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Abstract
Introduction: Shark cartilage has been shown to have some inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, metastasis, cell adhesion and proteolysis.
Patients and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of shark cartilage on immune response in three treatment session of 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks on stage III invasive ductal carcinoma patients (n=15) compared to patients treated with a starch placebo (n=15).
Results: The results indicated a significant increase after an initial 3 weeks treatment period in the level of IFNγ, but no significant decrease in the level of IL-4 before and after the treatment with shark cartilage. After 6 weeks, we noticed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of IFNγ, but no significant increase in the level of IL-4 was observed after the treatment with shark cartilage. After 12 weeks, a significant increase in the level of IFNγ and a significant decrease in the level of IL-4 after the treatment with shark cartilage was observed; while there was no significant difference in the levels of both IFNγ and IL-4 at 3, 6 and 12 weeks treatment in the placebo group. We also evaluated the lymphocytes proliferation in pre and post treatments with shark cartilage or a placebo. Our findings showed a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation in the three-week treatment.
Conclusion: It is concluded that shark cartilage can stimulate immune response in a short period of time after treatment with it and modulate immune response in longer treatment duration toward Th1 cytokine pattern.
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| Issue | Vol 3, No 3 (2009) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Breast cancer IFNγ IL-4 Shark cartilage | ||
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