Microbial and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile among Clinical Samples of Patients with Acute Leukemi
,
Abstract
Introduction: Preventing and starting early treatment of infections in patients whose immunity system is weak due to malignancies like leukemia can reduce mortality. This study aimed to determine microbial and antibiotic resistance patterns in clinical samples of patients with acute leukemia to start early treatment before the results of clinical tests are known.
Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the clinical samples of all patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute leukemia were cultured and their antibiogram was evaluated. Then, the data were analyzed by SPSS 18 based on the objectives of the study.
Results: Of a total of 2,366 samples, 18.95% were reported to be positive blood samples, 22.96% were reported to be urine samples and 36% wound samples. E. coli was the most common bacteria isolated from the blood and urine cultures (34% in blood, 32% in urine culture) while Staphylococcus aureus was the most common in the wound culture (35%).The highest level of sensitivity in the organisms with positive blood culture was to Ciprofloxacin, while in positive urine and wound culture was to Imipenem. The highest resistance in blood, urine and wound culture was to Cotrimoxazole.
Conclusion: According to results obtained from this study, it is necessary to conduct appropriate studies on this issue in specific conditions in our country. The findings of this study can be used in clinics for more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment before the results of clinical tests are known and also for prevention of infection in cancer patients.
Qin TJ, Mi YC, Feng SZ, et al. Clinical study on fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in neutropenia patients with acute leukemia. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007; 29; 87(20):1389-93.
Biavasco F, Paladini C, Vignaroli C, et al. Recovery from a single blood culture of two enterococcus gallinarum isolates carrying both vanC-1 and vanA cluster genes and differing in glycopeptide susceptibility. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001; 20(5): 309-14.
Ubeda P, Salavert M, Giner S,et al. Bacteremia caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a clinical-epidemiological study and resistance profile. Rev Esp Quimioter. 1998; 11(3):205-15.
Delavigne K, Bérard E, Bertoli S, et al. Hemophagocytic syndrome in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Haematologica. 2014; 99(3): 474-80.
Saini L, Rostein C, Atenafu EG, et al. Ambulatory consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with antibacterial prophylaxis is associated with frequent bacteremia and the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 22; 13:284.
Michon AL, Saumet L, Bourdier A, et al. Bacteremia Due to Imipenem-resistant Roseomonas mucosa in a Child With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014; 36(3):e165-8.
Saghir S, Faiz M, Saleem M, et al. characterizatioin and anti microbial susceptibility of gram negative bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections of cancer patients on chemotherapy in pakistan. Indian J Med Microbial. 2009; 27(4): 341-7.
Feng X, Ruan Y, He Y, et al. Prophylactic First-Line Antibiotics Reduce Infectious Fever and Shorten Hospital Stay during Chemotherapy-Induced Agranulocytosis in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Acta Haematol. 2014; 132(1):112-117.
Irfan S, Idrees F, Mehraj V , et al. Emergence of carbapenem resistant gram negative and vancomycin resistant gram positive organisms in bacteremic isolates of febrile neutropenic patients: A descriptive study. BMC Infec Dis. 2008; 8: 80.
Agarwal P, Naseem S, Varma N, et al. T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and parvovirus infection in a child with neurofibromastosis-1. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2013; 56(4): 446-8.
Cortes JA, Cuervo SI, Urdaneta AM, et al. Identifying and controlling a multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in a Latin-American cancer centre and its associated risk factors. Braz J Infect Dis. 2009; 13(2):99-103.
Rajendran A, Trehan A, Ahluwalia J, et al. Severe systemic infection masking underlying childhood leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2013; 29(3): 167-70.
Penack O, Keiholz U, Thiel E, et al. Short communication valuc of surveillance Blood cultures in neutropenic patients – A pilot study. JPN J Infect Dis. 2005; 58: 171-173.
Hanna H, Raad I. Blood products: a significant risk factor for long-term catheter-related bloodstream infections in cancer patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001; 22(3):165-6.
Ahmadzadeh A, Varnasseri M, Jalili MH, et al. Infection Pattern of Neutropenic Patients in Post-chemotherapy Phase of Acute Leukemia Treatment. Hematol Rep. 2013; 5(4):e15.
Rabagliat BR , Fuentes LG, Guzman D Am, et al. Invasive fungal disease in hemato –oncological and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients from hospital clinicouniversidadcatolicasantiago-chile using revised EORTC/MSG diagnostic critcria. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2009; 26(3): 212-9.
Koldehoff M , Zakrzewski JL. Taurolidine is effective in the treatment of central venous catheter, related bloodstream infections in cancer patints. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004; 24(5): 491-495.
Hanna H, Bentamin R, Chatzinikolaou I, et al. Long term silicone central venous catheters impregnated with minocyclin and rifampin decreasc rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection in cancer patients: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22(15): 3163-73.
Rahman MM, Khan MA. Levofloxacin prophylaxis to prevent bacterial infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in acute leukemia. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2009; 35(3): 91-94.
Mebis j, Goossens H, Berneman ZN. Antibiotic management of febrile neutropenia: current developments and future directions. J Chemother. 2010; 22(1): 5-12.
Hirate Y, Yokote T, Kobayashi K, et al. Anti fungal prophylaxis with micafungin in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. leuk lymphoma. 2010; 51(5): 853-9.
Prabhgsh K, Medhekar A, Ghadyalpatil N, , et al. Blood stream infections in cancer patients : a single center expenence of isolates and sensitivity pathern. Indian J Cancer. 2010; 47(2): 184-8.
Chen CY, Tsay W, Tang JL , et al. Epidemiology of blood stream infections in patients with haematological malignancies with and without neutropenia. Epidemiol Infect. 2010; 138 (7): 1044-51.
Kubiak DW, Bryar JM, MCDonnell AM, et al. Evaluation of caspofungin or micafungin as empiric antifungal therapy in adult patients with persistant febrile neutropenia: retrospective, observational sequential cohort analysis. Clin Ther. 2010; 32(4): 637-48.
Mushtaq N, Fadoo Z, Naqvi A. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: experience from a single tertiary care facility of Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013 Nov; 63(11):1399-404.
Falantes JF, Calderón C, Márquez-Malaver FJ, et al. Patterns of infection in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia receiving azacitidine as salvage therapy. Implications for primary antifungal prophylaxis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014 Feb; 14(1):80-6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10, No 2 (2016) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Acute leukemia Antimicrobial susceptibility Clinical fluids Microbial profile | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
