A Case of Deep Venous Thrombosis in an HIV-Infected Patient despite Therapeutic Anticoagulation
-
Wajeeha Aiman
,
Muhammad Ashar Ali
,
Navjot Grewal
,
Nyan Bethel
,
Andreas A. Savopoulos
,
Gunwant Guron
Abstract
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have an increased likelihood of venous thromboembolism (VTE) owing to factors such as acquired protein C and S deficiency, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This case report highlights an exceptionally uncommon occurrence of deep venous thrombosis in an HIV-infected patient receiving a therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. This underscores the need for cautious consideration of the risk of VTE in HIV-infected individuals, even with preventive or therapeutic anticoagulant treatment. Further research is recommended to investigate HIV as a potential risk factor for prophylactic anticoagulation.
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3. Crum-Cianflone NF, Weekes J, Bavaro M. Review: thromboses among HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008;22(10):771-8.
4. Jackson BS, Nunes Goncalves J, Pretorius E. Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis. Retrovirology. 2020;17(1):14.
5. Erbe M, Rickerts V, Bauersachs RM, et al. Acquired protein C and protein S deficiency in HIV-infected patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2003;9(4):325-31.
6. Moodley P, Martinson NA, Joyimbana W, et al. Venous thromboembolic disease in adults admitted to hospital in a setting with a high burden of HIV and TB. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2021;27(3): 10.7196/AJTCCM.2021.v27i3.155.
7. George JM, Kuriakose SS, Monroe A, et al. Utilization of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Observational Data from the District of Columbia Cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(10):e604-e613.
8. Hodkinson KE, Mahlangu JN. Deep-vein thrombosis in the era of high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence: A prospective review of its diagnosis and treatment in a quaternary centre. S Afr Med J. 2017;107(10):859-863.
9. Dong RJ, Lei SY, Li J, et al. Thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome in a child with human immunodeficiency virus: a rare case report. Thromb J. 2021;19(1):20.
10. Saif MW, Greenberg B. HIV and thrombosis: a review. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2001;15(1):15-24.
11. George SL, Swindells S, Knudson R, et al. Unexplained thrombosis in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors: report of seven cases. Am J Med. 1999;107(6):624-30.
12. Sule AA, Pandit N, Handa P, et al. A Case Series of HIV-Seropositive Patients and Hypercoagulable State-Is It Difficult to Treat Even with Therapeutic Anticoagulation? Int J Angiol. 2013;22(2):105-8.
13. Sabourin AA, Patel T, Saad S, et al. Management of anticoagulation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency virus. Thromb Res. 2021; 200:102-108.
14. Liedtke MD, Vanguri A, Rathbun RC. A probable interaction between warfarin and the antiretroviral TRIO study regimen. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(11):e34.
2. Bibas M, Biava G, Antinori A. HIV-Associated Venous Thromboembolism. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2011;3(1):e2011030.
3. Crum-Cianflone NF, Weekes J, Bavaro M. Review: thromboses among HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008;22(10):771-8.
4. Jackson BS, Nunes Goncalves J, Pretorius E. Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis. Retrovirology. 2020;17(1):14.
5. Erbe M, Rickerts V, Bauersachs RM, et al. Acquired protein C and protein S deficiency in HIV-infected patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2003;9(4):325-31.
6. Moodley P, Martinson NA, Joyimbana W, et al. Venous thromboembolic disease in adults admitted to hospital in a setting with a high burden of HIV and TB. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2021;27(3): 10.7196/AJTCCM.2021.v27i3.155.
7. George JM, Kuriakose SS, Monroe A, et al. Utilization of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Observational Data from the District of Columbia Cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(10):e604-e613.
8. Hodkinson KE, Mahlangu JN. Deep-vein thrombosis in the era of high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence: A prospective review of its diagnosis and treatment in a quaternary centre. S Afr Med J. 2017;107(10):859-863.
9. Dong RJ, Lei SY, Li J, et al. Thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome in a child with human immunodeficiency virus: a rare case report. Thromb J. 2021;19(1):20.
10. Saif MW, Greenberg B. HIV and thrombosis: a review. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2001;15(1):15-24.
11. George SL, Swindells S, Knudson R, et al. Unexplained thrombosis in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors: report of seven cases. Am J Med. 1999;107(6):624-30.
12. Sule AA, Pandit N, Handa P, et al. A Case Series of HIV-Seropositive Patients and Hypercoagulable State-Is It Difficult to Treat Even with Therapeutic Anticoagulation? Int J Angiol. 2013;22(2):105-8.
13. Sabourin AA, Patel T, Saad S, et al. Management of anticoagulation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency virus. Thromb Res. 2021; 200:102-108.
14. Liedtke MD, Vanguri A, Rathbun RC. A probable interaction between warfarin and the antiretroviral TRIO study regimen. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(11):e34.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18 No 2 (2024) | |
| Section | Case Report(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijhoscr.v18i2.15379 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Deep venous thrombosis Anti-coagulants Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Enoxaparin | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Aiman W, Ali MA, Grewal N, Bethel N, Savopoulos A, Guron G. A Case of Deep Venous Thrombosis in an HIV-Infected Patient despite Therapeutic Anticoagulation. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 2024;18(2):206-209.
